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music and nigger dances are the death march of a great civilization,"
declared Oswald Spengler in 1933. Spengler was the author of The
Decline of the West which, funnily enough, sounds a lot like
another book burning up the best-seller list.
I promised
last week that I'd discuss Pat Buchanan's The
Death of the West after my
Los Angeles Times piece came out. It did, so I will.
First, let
me say I both admire and dislike Buchanan's writing for the same
reason: He brilliantly manages to do with one language what Yassir
Arafat does with two. He offers red meat to the extremists while
at the same giving himself the wiggle room to deny he said anything
controversial in the first place. This is no mean feat. To be able
to say something that wins applause from racists and bigots without
technically saying anything racist or bigoted is a great gift, for
want of a better word. Meanwhile, Yassir Arafat says all of his
defensible stuff in English and leaves the red meat for his Arabic
speeches.
When Buchanan
rails against "Zulus," Israel's "amen corner,"
or demands "affirmative action" for "non-Jewish whites"
or "European Americans," he does it in a way that lets
him deny he was offering anything harsher than a strong opinion
while his more hardcore fans "know" what Pat's "really
saying" and love watching the "liberal media in New York"
and Washington get hysterical trying to prove he meant something
else.
Now, I know
that what I've written so far has probably angered lots of Buchanan's
fans, especially the legions of nonracist, unbigoted people who
think Buchanan is a national treasure and feel like calling him
a bigot is the same thing as calling them bigots. But if you go
back and read what I've written so far, I do not call Pat a bigot,
racist, or anti-Semite. Rather, it's up to you to decide if I'm
winking or not when I write these things. In short, I'm writing
like Pat (though surely not as well).
Buchanan's
Numbers
The first argument of The Death of the West is that white
countries aren't having enough babies to maintain their share of
the global population (what follows is data rich so if you want
to skip ahead, be my guest). The title of the chapter dealing with
this well-documented phenomena is "Endangered Species"
(wink, wink). As I mentioned last week, Buchanan is correct, the
economically advanced nations of the world are experiencing
dramatic declines in their fertility rates.
Quick primer:
Fertility rates are the number of children born per woman in a population.
Depending on the health and health care of a given population (and
discounting immigration and emigration), you need a total fertility
rate of 2.1 (as in 2.1 kids per woman) to simply replace the population.
Because of mortality rates some nations need slightly more than
2.1 babies per woman to account for the number of people who die
before they can reproduce. So if you have a fertility rate below
2.1, i.e. "below replacement," your population will be
getting smaller, if it's higher than 2.1 it will be getting bigger
(For a good FAQ on this stuff see the Population
Reference Bureau.)
Anyway, Buchanan
writes, "Of Europe's forty-seven nations, only one, Muslim
Albania, was, by 2000 maintaining a birthrate sufficient to keep
it alive indefinitely. Europe had begun to die." Now I will
say this just once, Buchanan uses words like "die" and
"dying" for shrinking populations with such willful ignorance
and tendentiousness that it makes it hard to take him seriously.
As I noted last week, Buchanan's equating of babies never conceived
to victims of Hitler and Stalin is outrageous. Look: Smaller populations
do not equal death. If your poor grandfather had ten kids and your
middle-class father had five kids and now that you are rich you
decide to just have three, would you say that the "Smith family
is dying"?
Not only is
this bad math and bad analysis, it leaves out the obvious response
that you can have more babies if you think having fewer is, in Buchanan's
words, "suicide." But I get ahead of myself.
So yeah, fertility
rates are declining in Europe. But, as it so happens, they're declining
outside of Europe too, most notably in Japan, which is already the
"oldest" country in the world with a median age of 41.
Pat does mention
Japan briefly (mostly so he can denounce abortion, which is well
established there (unlike the pill)). But he basically makes the
decline in fertility rates sound like a calamity specific to whites.
He goes on at great length about the exploding populations of the
duskier, non-Christian, nations of the Third World asserting that
these populations will swamp the West with their superior numbers.
"Of the
twenty-two nations with the lowest birthrates, only two are outside
Europe Armenia and Japan." On Pat's canvas (brimming
with images of swelling Third World hordes and "dying"
Westerners), this looks particularly ominous. But, you know, "twenty-two"
is an awfully specific number. Why is that? Could it be that once
you dig deeper than the top 22, the list of nations gets inconveniently
diverse? It turns out that 65 nations now have "below replacement"
fertility rates including Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Macao,
and this obscure country you might have heard of called "China"
Pat's insistence that "China's enormous population swells
inexorably" notwithstanding.
Of course, China's fertility declines are controversial since they
are partly the result of the brutality of its regime. But they are
also partly the result of economic growth.
Indeed, that's
the real story; the richer a nation gets the more likely it is that
it will have fewer babies. The "more developed" nations
of the world have a combined fertility rate of 1.6. The less developed,
minus China, have a combined rate of 3.6 babies per woman. Sub-Saharan
Africa, meanwhile, has a whopping 5.6. But, remember, China had
a total fertility rate of 5.9 in 1960. India's has dropped from
5.8 to 3.2. Mexico's plummeted from 6.1 in 1960 to 2.8 today. There's
no reason to think these longstanding trends won't continue until
scores of "Third World" countries are "dying"
the same way white countries are "dying." Indeed, almost
all of the demographic trends Buchanan laments will undoubtedly
be undermined by reality (as virtually all doom-and-gloom predictions
of these sorts have in the past).
Of course,
there's also dying in the sense of people actually dying. The reason
Japan, Europe, and the other economically advanced countries are
getting older isn't just because we're having fewer babies, it's
because we're living longer. So while Sub-Saharan Africa's birthrates
are dismayingly high, so are their mortality rates. In the U.S.
today, life expectancy at birth is 77 years old and rising (in Japan
it is 81). In Sub-Saharan Africa it is 51 and falling. This is the
flipside of the fertility argument, people have more babies when
they think their children will help keep them alive, they have fewer
when their kids become luxuries, not necessities.
In Buchanan's
analysis, however, Western societies are "dying" because
people are living more, while poor nations are taking over the world
because their people are dropping like flies. This sort of bizzaro
logic being healthier and wealthier equals weakness, being
poor but fruitful equals strength gets applied to military
and economic arguments in the most tortured ways. One wants to grab
Pat by the lapel and tell him that his (and my) beloved British
Empire ruled the globe with a fraction of the population of its
colonies. One desperately wants to point out that his protectionist
policies would make the rest of the world poorer and therefore more
likely to multiply and emigrate from their societies to ours
(people tend to stay home when their prospects are improving). One
wants to tell him declining birthrates are a wealth thing, not a
white thing.
Immigration
I
touched on the problem with Pat's immigration argument last Wednesday
and in the LA Times piece. But let me take a quick whack
here. Buchanan's basic complaint is that the U.S. will become a
"Third World" country if it has too many people from the
Third World in it.
The problem
is that he never defines what the Third World is. When Rodin was
asked how he would sculpt an elephant he reportedly said he'd take
a block of stone and remove everything that wasn't an elephant.
If you take a similar approach to The Death of the West,
removing everything he clearly doesn't consider "Third World,"
you're left with white, Christian people. After all, Mexicans who
speak a European language, are disproportionately Catholic and live
to the west of "the West" are Pat's exhibit A for Third
World Man.
Now I am sympathetic
to several of the sub-arguments Pat makes in his discussion of immigration.
Nations must protect their borders. The multicultural left and a
semi-porous border make assimilation much more difficult. Afrocentrists
and the liberals who coddle them are a very real threat to the social
fabric. Indeed, as Richard Brookhiser suggests in his review in
NR, many immigration arguments pro and con
are often stalking horses for arguments relating to the inability
of so many African Americans to fully assimilate after 400 years
in North America.
Assimilation
is important. Having large numbers of citizens of any race
convinced that they should hate America is a disaster. In
fact, I wish Michael Barone and my old boss Ben Wattenberg, to name
two pro-immigrationists I respect, would drop the comparisons of
Mexicans and other Hispanics to turn-of-the-century Italian immigrants.
This has nothing to do with race and everything to do with different
circumstances. We didn't have a generous welfare state back then.
Italy doesn't share a huge border with the U.S. and the Italians
never owned and lost in battle vast tracts of territory
in the Southwest of this country. The fact that few Italians started
out as illegal immigrants or came here to sign up for benefits,
is hugely relevant for all the reasons Tom Sowell and others have
pointed out.
But the problem
with Pat's argument isn't that he hasn't identified a legitimate
problem (even though he disingenuously calls for a "moratorium"
on immigration, when he knows he means a permanent halt. Wattenberg
pretty much got Buchanan to admit this on his PBS show, Think
Tank.) The trouble with Pat's argument is that he uses the problem
as an excuse to champion a repugnant strain of conservatism which
focuses on race.
Whitey
Surrenders
I
could support Pat in many of his arguments, no matter how un-PC,
if they weren't used to support an argument for white supremacy.
Hell, I have no problem whatsoever with arguments about Western
supremacy; I just don't believe in the words of Sam Francis (whose
fingerprints are all over The Death of the West) that Western
Civilization is a product of our "genetic endowments."
And even if
our "genetic endowments" (I'm assuming Goldbergs are included)
had something to do with the success of the West, any politics based
upon that assumption are unacceptable morally and pragmatically.
How do you win in a democracy when you take as a given that vast
numbers of voters are essentially less American? Besides, the goal
here shouldn't be to persuade white people to buy the multiculti
Left's terminal asininity that says that logic, reason, democracy,
merit, achievement, etc. are "white." The goal should
be to crush the multicultural Left's Balkanizing philosophy, not
surrender to it.
But that is
precisely what Buchanan does. Pat and the paleocons used to be the
most articulate defenders of regional diversity. They defended state's
rights and the cultural distinctiveness of the south with great
skill and passion. Pat still defends the south quite a bit but he's
also pounding the table with indignation that we aren't "one
nation" and how "racial consciousness now conflicts with
national consciousness." The Death of the West reflects
this schizophrenia or hypocrisy throughout.
Indeed, it's
striking how hypocritical the paleocons are these days. They denounce
all conservatives who don't toe their line as "neocons"
who've "caved" to the liberals on all the important issues.
But, that's only true if you consider the important issues to revolve
around this narrow and nasty emphasis on what Peter Brimelow calls
America's "specific ethnic core." For that cause, they
are willing to relieve themselves of any other principle.
For example,
in his column demanding that Harvard adopt affirmative action for
"non-Jewish whites," Buchanan declared "If proportional
representation is the name of the game, Christian and European-Americans
should get into the game, and demand their fair share of every pie."
Well, who's surrendering now?
Wink, wink.
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